Precision Epilepsy: Redefining the Future of Seizure Science
The University of Minnesota has long been at the forefront of epilepsy research, driving breakthroughs that have transformed patient care. By uniting the strengths of the College of Pharmacy, College of Science and Engineering, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, neuroscience departments, and our clinical epilepsy programs, we have fostered a uniquely collaborative environment for discovery. Pioneers like Dr. James Cloyd and Dr. Ilo Leppik have laid the foundation in epilepsy pharmacotherapy, shaping how anti-seizure medications are developed, tested, and delivered worldwide.
Our research remains data-driven, patient-focused, and mission-centered, with ongoing efforts in neuromodulation, precision therapeutics, high-field imaging, and real-world outcomes. We invite you to read the Legacy in Epilepsy Research section to learn more about the people, partnerships, and innovations that continue to define our impact. We gratefully acknowledge the ongoing support of MnDRIVE, our local community, dedicated philanthropists, and, most importantly—our patients and caregivers, without whom this research endeavor would not be possible.
Research Teams and Themes
Ultrahigh Field Imaging and Network Biomarker Team
Principal Investigators: Noam Harel, Remi Patriat, Thomas Henry, Can Özütemiz
Based at the renowned Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, this team develops advanced imaging technologies to map seizure networks and guide precision targeting of deep brain structures for surgical and neuromodulatory interventions. Leveraging 7T and 3T MRI, functional connectivity analyses, and machine learning, they identify biomarkers associated with epileptogenic zones, cognitive outcomes, and treatment response. Their close collaboration with epilepsy surgeons and neurophysiologists ensures that imaging insights are translated directly into surgical planning and electrode targeting. The team is also spearheading the development of normative thalamocortical and basal ganglia atlases to inform individualized care. Their work has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes across both pediatric and adult populations. Nationally recognized for innovation, this group is redefining what’s possible in epilepsy neuroimaging and network science.
Precision Neuromodulation and Neuroengineering Team
Principal Investigators: Tay Netoff, Matthew Johnson, Robert McGovern, David Darrow, Rosana Esteller, Alexander Opitz, Sandipan Pati
This interdisciplinary team unites clinicians, neuroscientists, and engineers to drive innovation in deep brain stimulation (DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and emerging non-invasive neuromodulation techniques. Using advanced tools such as stereo-EEG, high-density EEG, and tractography, they identify personalized neuromodulatory targets to enhance seizure control and preserve cognitive function. The team develops and tests closed-loop stimulation algorithms and partners with device manufacturers to accelerate adaptive neurostimulation technologies. Their strong collaborations with the Center for Neuroengineering; College of Science and Engineering and the Institute for Engineering in Medicine enable breakthroughs in both computational modeling and first-in-human clinical trials. With a focus on precision, this team is reshaping the landscape of epilepsy treatment through individualized, network-based interventions.
Epilepsy Pharmacotherapy Research Team
Principal Investigators: James Cloyd, Lisa Coles, Angela Birnbaum, Ilo Leppik
Led by pioneers like Dr. James Cloyd and Dr. Ilo Leppik, this team has transformed how antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are developed, tested, and delivered. With deep collaboration between the College of Pharmacy and clinical neurology, the team focuses on pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, and medication safety in vulnerable populations (including pregnancy, breastfeeding and elderly patients). Their work has influenced FDA policy, supported compassionate use programs, and led to life-saving rescue therapies. Current efforts include personalized dosing strategies, therapies for status epilepticus, drug–drug interaction models, and pharmacogenomic approaches. We collaborate with the Center for Orphan Drug Research. The team plays a key role in mentoring early-career investigators in translational epilepsy therapeutics. They are internationally recognized for advancing the science of seizure medication.
Sleep and Epilepsy Interface Team
Principal Investigators: Sandipan Pati, Rosana Esteller, Yoga Varatharajah
This highly innovative team investigates how sleep and circadian rhythms interact with seizure dynamics, treatment response, and SUDEP risk. They develop and test wearable devices, home-based sleep monitoring, and digital sleep therapies to improve seizure outcomes and quality of life. Collaborating across neurology, psychiatry, and bioengineering, they also study brain state-dependent neuromodulation, particularly targeting NREM sleep. This group leads one of the first Digitized Sleep Clinics for epilepsy in the U.S., integrating AI-based analysis and personalized sleep care. Their research has implications for both seizure control and cognitive/psychiatric comorbidities. The team is redefining how sleep is incorporated into routine epilepsy care and research.
High-Density EEG and Source Imaging for Precision Localization
Principal Investigators: Stephen Thompson, Yoga Varatharajah
Our research in high-density EEG and source imaging focuses on improving the localization of seizure foci and understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity in both resting and interictal states. By capturing more detailed electrical signals across the scalp and applying advanced source modeling, we gain deeper insight into the networks involved in seizure generation and propagation—supporting more precise, non-invasive diagnostic strategies.
Big Data and Epilepsy Informatics
Principal Investigators: Yoga Varatharajah, Tay Netoff, Rosana Esteller
This research theme harnesses the power of large-scale, multimodal data to transform how epilepsy is diagnosed and treated. Our team is focused on developing trustworthy AI algorithms for automated seizure detection, seizure focus localization, and predictive modeling—integrating data from EEG, imaging, clinical records, and device telemetry. We are building a robust epilepsy data platform to support clinical decision-making in surgical and neuromodulation therapies, enabling real-time analytics, outcome tracking, and individualized treatment optimization. By aligning AI development with clinical priorities and data integrity, our goal is to create transparent, scalable tools that accelerate precision epilepsy care across diverse patient populations.
Circuitry, Comorbidity, and Control: Foundations for Next-Generation Epilepsy Therapy
Principal Investigators: Esther Krook-Magnuson, Martha Streng, Madhu Kannan, Anthony Umpierre, Jeff Tithof, Suhasa Kodandaramaiah
Our basic neuroscience research aims to discover how seizures begin, evolve, and terminate—spanning from single-neuron activity to large-scale brain networks. We investigate the cellular and circuit-level dynamics that underlie epileptic discharges, and how these disruptions interact with fundamental processes such as sleep, cognition, and the glymphatic system. A major focus is understanding the neural consequences of recurrent seizures, including their role in driving comorbidities like sleep disruption and memory impairment. In parallel, we are exploring novel neuromodulation targets, including the cerebellum, to develop innovative strategies for interrupting pathological circuits. This foundational work is essential to identifying next-generation therapies that are not only effective—but biologically informed.
The University of Minnesota Comprehensive Epilepsy team is actively involved in a wide range of research efforts, including industry-sponsored trials, federally funded studies, and investigator-initiated projects. Our work spans novel anti-seizure medications, advanced neuromodulation devices, and emerging therapies such as long-term home monitoring with subcutaneous EEG, wearables, and stem cell-based interventions. If you're interested in learning more or exploring participation opportunities, please speak with your treating physician or contact [email protected] directly.